The underdiagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Ecuador reflections from a case study.

Abstract

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Ecuador may be underdiagnosed due to official regulations recommending the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for evaluating cognitive function in older adults. This article highlights the need for more sensitive diagnostic protocols to enable early detection of MCI.

Case report: An 85-year-old woman with hypertension and hearing loss, low educational level, and subjective complaints of progressive memory loss for 2 years has maintained functional autonomy, as corroborated by relatives.

Diagnostic workshop: The MMSE was normal; Neuropsi showed alterations in memory and executive functions, compatible with single-domain amnesic MCI.

Evolution: Slow symptoms, without loss of autonomy, contrast of results reflects the risk of underdiagnosis due to the exclusive use of screening.

Conclusion: The need to complement the screenings recommended by the regulations with neuropsychological evaluations to detect MCI and intervene early, avoiding progression to major neurocognitive disorders, is indicated.