RISK FACTORS AND DIABETES COMPLICATIONS GESTATIONAL

Abstract

Diabetes in pregnancy constitutes a set of pathologies with different diagnoses and perinatal outcomes that each contribute significant maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Major risk factors have been shown to involve data
such as advanced age, high BMI,
the history of gestational diabetes, as well as the hypertensive complications of pregnancy. At the same time, the consequences of these hyperglycemic pathologies have clear maternal-fetal adverse outcomes, including fetal macrosomia, hypoglycemia, prematurity, congenital malformations, respiratory distress syndrome, and even fetal death.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the main risk factors, consequences and complications caused by gestational diabetes.
Method: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study at the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital, from April 2019 to April 2020.
Results: In the present series, a higher prevalence of pregestational diabetes over gestational diabetes is evidenced (62.5% versus 37.5%). Regarding risk factors, the highest prevalence of gestational diabetes was found in the 36 to 40-year-old group (41.1%); the most prevalent nutritional diagnosis was overweight. The most prevalent complication of the product was hypoglycemia (60%) followed by fetal macrosomia (30%) and stillbirth (10.58%), all more frequently in gestational than in pre-pregnancy diabetes. Obstetric complications occurred in 50% of the cases, with a predominance of dystocia due to cephalopelvic disproportion in gestational diabetes (30.8%) and dystocia due to uterine hypotonia (18.5%) in pre-pregnancy.